@article{oai:sojo-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000849,
 author = {Elton, LaClare},
 journal = {崇城大学紀要, Bulletin of Sojo University},
 month = {},
 note = {The present study aims to establish Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) norms for various CEFR proficiency levels as reported by the Oxford Online Placement Test (OOPT). The participant population for the study consisted of a sample of incoming SILC English Communication 1 students whose OOPT results indicated that their English abilities fell within the A1 or A2 bands of the CEFR scale. To further refine fluency norms, the A2 band was subdivided into low and high according to raw scores. The researcher administered the ORF measure and recorded both the reading rate, Words Read Correctly per Minute (WCPM), and accuracy, WCPM divided by the total number of words read, of each participant. Scores were grouped according to CEFR proficiency level then analyzed to determine the mean speed and accuracy scores as well as the as the standard deviation for each level. Although reading rate and accuracy means were calculated for the A1, A2 (low), and A2 (high) levels, only the A2 (low) level contained a sufficiently large sample size (n=43) to enable the establishment of an ORF norm. Data from the remaining groups will be retained and augmented with further ORF testing of future intakes of SILC English Communication 1 students.},
 pages = {183--188},
 title = {Establishing Oral Reading Fluency Norms for Japanese English Language Learners},
 volume = {40},
 year = {2015}
}